Science Help for Students and Their Parents
Science Help for Science Students
The Spectrum of Sciences Simplified for Beginners
Clear, concise, and original tutorials that will demystify and distill the most important ideas and essential content
in each of the major branches of science, including the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS)

The Most Important Word in Science
As school subjects, biology, chemistry, physics, geology, astronomy, and meteorology take the cake when it comes to introducing volumes...
MOXIE "Makes" Oxygen On MARS
The Martian atmosphere is almost pure carbon dioxide (CO2). If humans are to colonize the Red Planet, we will need oxygen to survive....
Helicopter Makes Historic First Flight On Mars!
"Ingenuity" is the small (19" tall), lightweight (4 lbs. on Earth; 1.5 lbs. on Mars), and very expensive ($80 million) NASA helicopter...
WEATHER "INGREDIENTS"
Do you know why the Moon has no weather? Do you know which weather ingredient(s) are missing from the Moon? Do you know which weather...
VIRUS Q & A
What is a virus? A virus is a tiny (submicroscopic) infectious agent that reproduces inside the cells of living hosts. When infected, the...
03.20.2021 5:37 AM (EDT) - Don't Blink or . . .
. . . you'll miss it! It? Why, the Vernal (Spring) Equinox of course! This is one of only two days in calendar year when every location...
BOILING WATER 'Quick Quiz'
When water is at a 'rapid boil' a continuous stream of large bubbles rises to the surface. Which gas or gas mixture forms these bubbles?...
PLATE TECTONICS
"First there is a mountain, then there is no mountain, then there is." - Donavan The single most important idea in geology is the theory...
SOLID - LIQUID - GAS
These are the 3 common "States of Matter" that virtually all students are aware of and have little trouble identifying. A rock is matter...
CLASSIFYING MATTER (3 "Box" System)
Chemistry students can better understand the the nearly infinite number of individual types of matter found on Earth (and beyond) by...
FEBRUARY 29th . . . ?
February 29th is that one extra day added to our calendar during a "Leap Year". "Leap Years" occur on a 4 year cycle and are easy to...
ACTION-REACTION VEHICLES
All action-reaction vehicles use a simple concept in order to produce "self-propulsion": they all have engines that produce a "thrust" of...
NO FORCE PAIRS - NO MOTION!
Imagine a school bus on an icy road that is so slippery that there is no friction between the tires and the ice. Without friction, the...
HOW ACTION - REACTION FORCE PAIRS WORK
WALKING You push on the ground with an action force - planet Earth pushes back on you with a reaction force that is equal in strength and...
“FOR EVERY ACTION . . .
. . . THERE IS AN OPPOSITE RE-ACTION” This is the abbreviated, oft repeated, and highly misleading version of Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion...
The SEARCH for LIFE on MARS
The surface of Mars is a frozen, lifeless, barren desert with just a wispy thin atmosphere of carbon dioxide. Ancient Mars however had a...
The Inner Structure of Atoms: The NUCLEUS
At the center of every atom lies a core of positively charged protons and neutrons (no charge) called the NUCLEUS. The nucleus contains...
Sub-Atomic Particles: Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
If Mrs. Frizzle planned to take her class on a Magic School Bus trip to explore the inside of an atom, students might ask if it was...
E = mc^2
Einstein's famous equation indirectly describes the origin of energy (E). To make a long story short, energy (E) is created in nuclear...